What Is Glue Made Of?

Glue is a common staple in classrooms and homes, but what exactly is it made of? Some rumors suggest the sticky substance may be similar to gelatin and use animal-derived ingredients. The truth is some types of glue do in fact use ingredients (like collagen) taken from animal parts, but your everyday Elmer's glue doesn't. It's purely chemical-based.

One reader, an elementary school teacher, wrote in after hearing a concerned child suggest glue is made from dead horses. The question: Are there any animal ingredients in Elmer's and other glues? This answer attempts to help a teacher with a sticky situation involving glitter and a roomful of 8-year-olds.

Does Glue Use Animal Ingredients?

Question: I’m a newbie elementary school teacher with a rather odd question. Last week, I attempted to lead my class in a Valentine's Day crafting free-for-all. Construction paper, glitter, and all the fixings were distributed. The final items passed around were little, innocuous bottles of Elmer’s Glue.

Mari, one of my more precocious students, took one look at her bottle and turned as white as its contents. She then shrieked like a banshee, “This stuff is made from dead horses!” and started weeping. Dead silence followed. Then came a chorus of cries, snickers, boisterous naying, and the kind of pandemonium only a room full of 8-year-olds can generate. I reassured the kids that this was not true at all but it was too late. Mari’s declaration had sparked a mini glue revolt and I scrapped the project for the day.

The thing is, I’m well aware of the adage about “sending retired horses to the glue factory,” but I always considered it a silly saying. I know that gelatin has animal ingredients in it so I’m curious as to if there’s any truth behind this. Are there horse—or any other animal—ingredients in Elmer’s and other glues?

Trying to be a friend to Mr. Ed,

—Wendy, Rancho Mirage, Calif.

Which Glues Contain Animal Ingredients and Which Don't?

Answer: Hey Wendy,

Yikes. Kids these days, eh? Little Mari although on to something, is slightly misinformed (AND sounds like she has a knack for causing a ruckus... sorry couldn’t resist). Just be sure not to serve her any Jell-O soon, or your next class speaker may be a representative from PETA.

Glue, historically, is indeed made from collagen taken from animal parts, particularly horse hooves and bones. In fact, the word “collagen” comes from the Greek kolla, meaning glue. This practice has been going on for thousands and thousands of years; it’s not the invention of some enterprising farmer named Elmer who had a few about-to-be-put-down horses on his hands, a knack for organic chemistry, and a vat of boiling water. So, yes, as unpleasant to think about as it is, glue can contain animal-based ingredients (nowadays it’s mostly cattle hooves). Adhesive aficionados seem to gravitate toward fish and hide glues. But honestly, I’d be hard-pressed to say there are many horse-slaughtering glue operations still out there since synthetics are so much cheaper and more effective.

So what about that bottle of Elmer’s that sent Mari into a tizzy? According to the company, no horse or any other animal is (currently) harmed in the making of their product. Elmer’s Glues, like many commercial “white” glues these days, are 100% chemical-based, which, depending on how you look at it, is worse than reusing the body parts of dead ungulates.

According to Elmer's, its glues use only chemicals that are synthesized or created by man. Though the company doesn't share its exact formula or specific ingredients, it notes that the chemicals were originally obtained or manufactured from petroleum, natural gas, and other raw materials found in nature.

I’m not quite sure how to tell you to proceed with this, Wendy. An informative class field trip to a local rendering plant is out of the question and I wouldn’t sit down Mari down for a chat about the environmental ills of petrochemicals. I also can’t imagine a childhood without good, old-fashioned Elmer’s.

Sadly, there aren’t a ton of non-synthetic, vegan glues on the market, at least ones that are classroom-friendly. There are nontoxic, made-in-Italy Coccoina Adhesive Glue Sticks, but they can be pricey and hard to come by. Plus, they smell like marzipan so any students already prone to paste eating might be tempted to snack on the craft supplies.

I’d say just give it a second try. Kids are fickle, and unless Mari really loves horses, she may have already totally forgotten about it.